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藝術(shù)家簡(jiǎn)介

 巴巴拉·克魯格

　　1945年生于美國(guó)新澤西，女性主義攝影家，現(xiàn)在洛杉磯和紐約居住。   

　　廣告、宣傳和傳教士的祈禱，它們的作用猶如磁鐵一般，如果獲得成功，是因其抓住了大眾所關(guān)心問題的要害，將他們吸引住，使其不愿離開。巴巴拉·克魯格仿效平常的廣告語(yǔ)言與方式，將這些口號(hào)式的語(yǔ)言以藝術(shù)的手法表現(xiàn)出來(lái)。她常常選用紅色、白色等反差很大的色彩，并將黑白攝影作品與印刷相結(jié)合，形成鮮明的個(gè)性風(fēng)格。此外，她還設(shè)計(jì)許多了招貼畫、T恤衫和購(gòu)物袋。自從她的第一幅標(biāo)語(yǔ)式的招貼畫于1983年在紐約時(shí)代廣場(chǎng)出現(xiàn)，并引發(fā)不同的反響之后，她的作品一直以大眾和政治為主題。例如，她為1989年美國(guó)婦女在華盛頓舉行的維權(quán)示威活動(dòng)設(shè)計(jì)了招貼畫“你的身體是戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)”；她編寫了女權(quán)主義宣傳冊(cè)“我們不需要新的英雄”，該宣傳冊(cè)被翻譯成多種文字。此外，她還出版了幾部反對(duì)歧視少數(shù)民族和艾滋病患者的書籍。90年代以后，深入的思考取代了具體的行動(dòng)，巴巴拉·克魯格開始專心于對(duì)大眾宣傳歷史和攻心策略的研究。她的作品日益多媒體化，文字與聲音相結(jié)合，圖片與錄像投影相統(tǒng)一是她新的創(chuàng)作風(fēng)格。

　　看巴巴拉·克魯格(Barbara Kruger)的作品，想起的卻是早年司空見慣的政治宣傳畫，例如：“批林批孔，立志務(wù)農(nóng)干革命。”“打倒美帝，打倒蘇修，打倒各國(guó)反動(dòng)派！”還有前蘇聯(lián)那幅著名招貼，一個(gè)紅軍戰(zhàn)士雙目如炬，指著觀眾的胸膛：“你參加紅軍了嗎？”有人說(shuō)她的招貼式作品脫胎于商業(yè)廣告，讀讀這些句子卻不像：“你消磨時(shí)間”，“你們摧毀你們視為異己的”，“你的瘋狂變成科學(xué)”。沒有哪個(gè)商家會(huì)用如此粗魯?shù)膽B(tài)度對(duì)待自己的潛在顧客。

　　克魯格1945年出生于美國(guó)新澤西州，設(shè)計(jì)學(xué)院畢業(yè)后，長(zhǎng)期擔(dān)任平面設(shè)計(jì)師，當(dāng)她1980年代開始搞藝術(shù)的時(shí)候，很自然借用了廣告招貼的形式。作品里的圖片并不是她自己拍攝的，多半取自過期的雜志和廣告，裁剪加工，添上文字。她描述自己的工作說(shuō)：“我基本上是拿來(lái)一張圖片然后在它上面放上一些什么詞語(yǔ)。我的創(chuàng)作實(shí)際上就是一種替換性的工作。用我自己想出來(lái)的某句話來(lái)替換本來(lái)圖像中的像‘買這件毛線衫’這樣的話。”

　　挪用現(xiàn)成的圖像，在后現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)家中很常見，把流通過的商業(yè)圖片借用來(lái)抨擊商業(yè)社會(huì)，更有諷刺意義。典型的克魯格風(fēng)格，通常是黑白圖片，簡(jiǎn)潔的宣傳語(yǔ)被拆成多行詞組，用紅底白字顯示，對(duì)比強(qiáng)烈?？唆敻袷亲钌朴谶\(yùn)用文字的藝術(shù)家之一。那些凝練的口號(hào)仿佛警句，讓人印象深刻，過目難忘。

　　“你的身體就是戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)。”這是她1989年一幅招貼畫上的宣傳語(yǔ)，印在女人的頭像上，后來(lái)廣為傳播，成了女性主義最著名的口號(hào)之一。她要揭示的是，在男權(quán)社會(huì)中，女性身體一直作為男性的戰(zhàn)利品和財(cái)產(chǎn)而存在。她的另外一些作品如“我的臉是你的財(cái)富” 、 “我們被命令保持不動(dòng)” 、 “我們正在變成展覽品” ，要表達(dá)的都是這樣一種觀點(diǎn)。

　　她對(duì)消費(fèi)主義文化進(jìn)行了辛辣的嘲諷。有件作品的口號(hào)是 “我購(gòu)故我在” ，對(duì)笛卡兒的名句“我思故我在”進(jìn)行了顛覆。在我們的時(shí)代，物質(zhì)已經(jīng)取代思想，成為我們確證自我存在的方式。她的著名口號(hào)還有“當(dāng)聽到文化一詞我掏出支票簿”、“金錢可以替你買來(lái)愛情”、“像我們一樣信仰”等。對(duì)于權(quán)力、金錢、物質(zhì)和性，她都進(jìn)行了無(wú)情的批判，不妨將她的作品看成一種立場(chǎng)鮮明的政治宣傳。

　　宣傳招貼也好，商業(yè)海報(bào)也好，矗立在公共場(chǎng)所時(shí)就有了一種強(qiáng)迫性，讓我們無(wú)法躲避?？唆敻駥⒆约旱淖髌贩胖迷诘罔F、街道和廣場(chǎng)的廣告牌上，大張旗鼓宣傳自己的觀點(diǎn)；她還將部分作品制成明信片、購(gòu)物袋，或印在T恤衫上出售，廣泛傳播。這些都是需要金錢的，她還沒有傻到愿意為改變這個(gè)社會(huì)而散盡家財(cái)，所以她更經(jīng)常把自己的招貼畫配上紅色玻璃框，貼上售價(jià)標(biāo)簽，在畫廊里展示。最后這點(diǎn)非常重要，它迫使人們將這些招貼畫當(dāng)成藝術(shù)而不是廣告，同時(shí)成就了克魯格作為藝術(shù)家而不是設(shè)計(jì)師的名聲——二者的價(jià)位，差別可大呢。

Barbara Kruger

1945 Born in Newark, New Jersey
1965 Education: Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York
1966 Parsons School of Design, New York, NY
Lives in New York City and Los Angeles, California

Selected Exhibitions

2008 Southern Exposure, Museum of Contemporary Art Sydney, Sydney, NSW
2007 Dangerous Beauty, CAM - Chelsea Art Museum, New York City, NY
2006 Women Only! In Their Studios, Polk Museum of Art, Lakeland, FL
2005 The Fluidity of Time - Selections from the MCA Collection, Museum of Contemporary Art Chicago, MCA Chicago, Chicago, IL
2004 “ipermercati dell’arte”/”Ill consumo rappresentato”, Palazzo Pubblico, Magazini del Sale.
2003 ‘Help’ Barbara Kruger, Sprueth Magers Lee, London
2003 Kunst-Station St. Peter, Köln.
2003 Sprüth/Magers/Lee, London
2003 Skarstedt Fine Art, New York
2002 Palazzo delle Papesse, Siena, Italy.
2002 Monika Sprüth / Philomene Magers, Köln.
2002 “Shopping”, Schirn Kunsthalle Frankfurt / Main, Germany.
2002 Monika Sprüth / Philomene Magers, München.
2001 “The Overexcited Body”, SESC, São Paulo, Brazil.
2001 South London Gallery, London, England.
2000 Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles, California.
2000 “Inner Eye: Contemporary Art from the Marc and Livia Straus Collection”, Neuberger Museum of Art, Purchase, New York.
2000 “Sentimental”, Galerie Yvon Lambert, Paris, France.
2000 “Around 1984: A Look at Art in the Eighties”, P.S. 1 Contemporary Art Center, Long Island City, New York.
2000 “Lux et Tenebrae: Peter Blum Edition”, Peter Blum/Blumarts, Inc., NYC, NY.
2000 “Picturing Women”, Steven Scott Gallery, Baltimore, Maryland.
2000 “S.O.S.: Scenes of Sounds”, The Tang Teaching Museum and Art Gallery, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, New York.
1999 “Inner Eye: Contemporary Art from the Marc and Livia Straus Collection”, Knoxville Museum of Art, Knoxville, Tennessee
1999 “Inner Eye: Contemporary Art from the Marc and Livia Straus Collection”, Georgia Museum of Art, Athens, Georgia.
1999 “Inner Eye: Contemporary Art from the Marc and Livia Straus Collection”, The Chrysler Museum of Art, Norfolk, Virginia.
1999 “Art at the End of the Century: Contemporary Art from the Milwaukee Art Museum”, Birmingham Museum of Art, Birmingham, Alabama.
1999 “Veronica’s Revenge: Photographies de la collection LAC-Suisse”, Casino Luxembourg and Musee national d’histoire et d’art, Luxembourg.
1999 “Assumed Identity”, Fine Arts Gallery, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.
1999 “Altered States”, Charles Cowles Gallery, NYC, NY.
1999 “The American Century: Art and Culture 1950-2000”, Whitney Museum of American Art, NYC, NY.
1999 Galerie Yvon Lambert, Paris, France.
1998 Parrish Art Museum, Southampton, New York.
1998 “Read My Lips: Jenny Holzer, Barbara Kruger, Cindy Sherman”, National Gallery of Australia, Canberra, Australia.
1998 “Inner Eye: Contemporary Art from the Marc and Livia Straus Collection”, Samuel P. Harn Museum of Art, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.
1998 “Art and the American Experience”, Kalamazoo Institute of Arts, Kalamazoo, Michigan.
1998 “Fast Forward Trade Marks”, Kunstverein Hamburg.
1997 “The Mediated Object: Selections from the Eli Broad Collections”, Forum for Contemporary Art, Saint Louis, Missouri.
1997 “It’s Only Rock and Roll: Rock and Roll Currents in Contemporary Art”, Phoenix Art Museum, Phoenix, Arizona.
1997 “Word to Word”, Linda Kirkland Gallery, NYC, NY.
1997 Mary Boone Gallery, NYC, NY.
1997 18 Wooster Street/Deitch Projects, NYC, NY.
1996 Museum of Modern Art at Heide, Melbourne, Australia.
1996 “Nudo & Crudo”, Claudia Gian Ferrari Arte Contemporanea, Milan, Italy.
1996 “NowHere/Incandescent”, Louisiana Museum of Modern Art, Humlebaek, Denmark.
1996 “Sexual Politics: Judy Chicago’s ‘Dinner Party’ in Feminist Art History”, Armand Hammer Museum of Art and Cultural Center, Los Angeles, California.
1996 “Thinking Print: Books to Billboards, 1980-95”, The Museum of Modern Art, NYC, NY.
1996 “Is It Art?”, Katonah Museum of Art, Katonah, New York.
1996 “The Mediated Object: Selections from the Eli Broad Q Collections”, Fogg Art Museum, Harvard University, Cambridge,
1995 “An American Century of Photography: From Dry-Point to Digital”, Mead Art Museum, Amherst, Massachusetts.
1995 “An American Century of Photography: From Dry-Point to Digital”, Auckland City Art Gallery, Auckland, New Zealand.
1995 “An American Century of Photography: From Dry-Point to Digital”, Art Gallery of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
1995 “An American Century of Photography: From Dry-Point to Digital”, National Gallery of Victoria, Melbourne, Australia.
1995 “An American Century of Photography: From Dry-Point to Digital”, Museum of Photographic Arts, San Diego, California.
1995 “Civil Rights Now”, Southeastern Center for Contemporary Art, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.
1995 “Civil Rights Now”, Cleveland Center for Contemporary Art, Cleveland, Ohio.
1995 “In a Different Light”, University Art Museum, University of California, Berkeley, California.
1995 “Paste-Up: Past & Present”, Kent Gallery, NYC, NY.
1995 “Passions Privees”, Musee d’Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris, Paris, France.
1994 “Wall to Wall”, Serpentine Gallery, London, England.
1994 “World Morality”, Kunsthalle Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
1994 “Imprimatur”, Saidye Bronfman Centre for the Arts, Montreal, Canada.
1994 Mary Boone Gallery, NYC, NY.
1994 “Public Interventions”, Institute of Contemporary Art, Boston, Massachusetts.
1994 “Inaugural Group Show”, Off Shore Gallery, East Hampton, New York.
1994 “New York ‘Unplugged’”, Gallery Cotthem, Knokke-Zoute, Belgium.
1994 “Desire”, Charles Cowles Gallery, NYC, NY.
1994 “Gewalte - Geschaefte”, Neue Gesellschaft fur Bildende Kunst, Berlin, Germany.
1994 “An American Century of Photography: From Dry-Point to Digital”, Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, Kansas City, Missouri.
1993 “Dissent, Difference and the Body Politic”, Otis Parsons School of Art and Design, Los Angeles, California.
1993 “Photoplay”, Center for the Fine Arts, Miami, Florida.
1993 “The Mediated Image: American Photography in the Age of Information”, University Art Museum, Albuquerque, New Mexico.
1993 “Biennale d’Art Contemporain”, Lyon, France.
1993 “Inside Out”, Centro per l’Arte Contemporanea Luigi Pecci, Prato, Italy.
1993 “Commodity Image”, International Center of Photography Midtown, NYC, NY.
1993 “Image Makers”, Nassau County Museum of Art, Roslyn Harbor, New York.
1993 “Die Sprache der Kunst - The Language of Art”, Kunsthalle Wien, Vienna, Austria.
1993 “Ciphers of Identity”, Fine Arts Gallery, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland.
1992 Magasin, Centre National d’Art Contemporain, Grenoble, France.
1992 “Power: Its Myths and Mores in American Art, 1961-1991”, Akron Art Museum, Akron, Ohio.
1992 “Power: Its Myths and Mores in American Art, 1961-1991”, Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, Richmond, Virginia.
1992 “Devil on the Stairs: Looking Back on the Eighties”, Newport Harbor Art Museum, Newport Beach, California.
1992 “Ars Pro Domo”, Museum Ludwig, Koln, Germany.
1992 “Chaos to Order”, Art Museum of Southeast Texas, Beaumont, Texas.
1992 “15th Anniversary Exhibition”, Rhona Hoffman Gallery, Chicago, Illinois.
1992 “The Power of the City/The City of Power”, Whitney Museum of American Art Downtown at Federal Reserve Plaza, NYC, NY.
1992 “More Than One Photography: Works Since 1980 From the Collection”, The Museum of Modern Art, NYC, NY.
1992 “Dissent, Difference and the Body Politic”, Portland Art Museum, Portland, Oregon.
1991 “Beyond the Frame: American Art, 1960-1990”, Setagaya Art Museum, Tokyo, Japan.
1991 “Beyond the Frame: American Art, 1960-1990”, National Museum of Art, Osaka, Japan.
1991 “Beyond the Frame: American Art, 1960-1990”, Fukuoka Art Museum, Fukuoka, Japan.
1991 “Words and #s”, Museum of Contemporary Art, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio.
1991 “Buchstablich: Bild und Wort in der Kunst Heute”, Von-der-Heydt-Museum, Wuppertal-Elberfeld, Germany.
1991 “Media Culture”, Studio Oggetto, Milan, Italy.
1991 “Compassion and Protest”, San Jose Museum of Art, San Jose, California.
1991 “The Art of Advocacy”, The Aldrich Museum of Contemporary Art, Ridgefield, Connecticut.
1991 “Aussenraum-Innenstadt”, Sprengel Museum Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
1991 “Transpositions”, University of South Florida Art Museum, Tampa, Florida.
1991 “Objects for the Ideal Home”, Serpentine Gallery, London, England
1991 “Devil on the Stairs: Looking Back on the Eighties”, Institute of Contemporary Art, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
1991 “Anni 80: Artisti a New York”, Palazzo delle Albere, Museo Provinciale d’Arte Sezione Contemporanea, Trento, Italy.
1991 “Power: Its Myths and Mores in American Art, 1961-1991”, Indianapolis Museum of Art, Indianapolis, Indiana.
1991 “False Face”, N.A.M.E. Gallery, Chicago, Illinois.
1990 “California Annual”, San Francisco Art Institute, San Francisco, California.
1990 Duke University Museum of Art, Durham, North Carolina.
1990 Monika Spruth Galerie, Koln, West Germany.
1990 Rhona Hoffman Gallery, Chicago, Illinois.
1990 Kolnischer Kunstverein, Koln, Germany.
1990 “The Decade Show”, Museum of Contemporary Hispanic Art/The New Museum of Contemporary Art/The Studio Museum in Harlem, NYC, NY.
1990 “The Indomitable Spirit”, The International Center of Photography Midtown, NYC, NY.
1990 “Opening Exhibition, 20th Century Pavilion”, The Israel Museum, Jerusalem, Israel.
1990 “The Last Decade: American Artists of the 80’s”, Tony Shafrazi Gallery, NYC, NY.
1990 “Art et Publicite”, Musee National d’Art Moderne, Centre Georges Pompidou, Paris, France.
1990 “The Charade of Mastery”, Whitney Museum of American Art Downtown at Federal Reserve Plaza, NYC, NY.
1990 “Words as Symbols”, The Aldrich Museum of Contemporary Art, Ridgefield, Connecticut.
1989 Mary Boone Gallery, NYC, NY.
1989 Galerie Bebert, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
1989 Fred Hoffman Gallery, Santa Monica, California.
1989 John Doyle Gallery, Chicago, Illinois.
1989 “Making Their Mark: Women Artists Move Into the Mainstream, 1970-85”, Cincinnati Art Museum, Cincinnati, Ohio.
1989 “Making Their Mark: Women Artists Move Into the Mainstream, 1970-85”, New Orleans Museum of Art, New Orleans, Louisiana.
1989 “Prospect 89”, Frankfurt Kunstverein and Schirn Kunsthalle, Frankfurt, Germany.
1989 “Bilderstreit”, Rheinhalle, Koln, West Germany.
1989 “A Forest of Signs: Art in the Crisis of Representation”, The Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles, California.
1989 “Magiciens de la Terre”, Centre Georges Pompidou, Paris, France.
1989 “Viennese divan: Sigmund Freud nowadays”, Museum of the 20th Century, Vienna, Austria.
1989 “Making Their Mark: Women Artists Move Into the Mainstream, 1970-85”, Denver Art Museum, Denver, Colorado.
1989 “Making Their Mark: Women Artists Move Into the Mainstream, 1970-85”, Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
1989 “The Desire of the Museum”, Whitney Museum of American Art Downtown at Federal Reserve Plaza, NYC, NY.
1989 “Image World: Art and Media Culture”, Whitney Museum of American Art, NYC, NY.
1989 Castello di Rivoli, Turin, Italy.
1988 “Biennial of Sydney”, Sydney, Australia.
1988 “Modes of Address: Language in Art Since 1960”, Whitney Museum of American Art Downtown at Federal Reserve Plaza, NYC, NY.
1988 Fischbach Gallery, NYC, NY.
1987 Artists Space, NYC, NY.
1987 P.S. 1, Long Island City, New York.
1987 Mary Boone Gallery, NYC, NY.
1987 Crousel/Hussenot Galerie, Paris, France.
1987 Monika Spruth Galerie, Koln, West Germany.
1987 National Art Gallery, Wellington, New Zealand.
1987 “1987 Biennial Exhibition”, Whitney Museum of American Art, NYC, NY.
1987 “L’epoque, la mode, la morale, la passion”, Centre Georges Pompidou, Paris, France.
1987 “El Arte y Su Doble”, Fundacion Caja de Pensiones, Madrid, Spain.
1987 “Documenta 8”, Museum Fridericianum, Kassel, West Germany.
1987 Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Los Angeles, California.
1987 Moderna Museet, Stockholm, Sweden.
1987 “Emerging Artists 1978-1986: Selections from the Exxon Series”, Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, NYC, NY.
1986 “New Acquisitions from New York”, Memphis Brooks Museum, Memphis, Tennessee.
1986 “Barbara Kruger and Jenny Holzer”, The Israel Museum, Jerusalem, Israel.
1986 “Rooted Rhetoric”, Lia Rumma Gallery, Naples, Italy.
1986 “American Myths”, Kent Fine Art, NYC, NY.
1986 “El Arte y Su Doble”, Centro Cultural de la Fundacio Caixa de Pensions, Barcelona, Spain.
1986 Annina Nosei Gallery, NYC, NY.
1986 Rhona Hoffman Gallery, Chicago, Illinois.
1986 University Art Museum, University of California, Berkeley, California.
1986 Hillman/Holland Gallery, Atlanta, Georgia.
1986 Krannert Art Museum, University of Illinois, Champaign, Illinois.
1986 “The Real Big Picture”, Queens Museum, Queens, New York.
1986 “Admired Works”, John Weber Gallery, NYC, NY.
1986 Light Gallery, NYC, NY.
1986 Kunsthalle Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, West Germany.
1986 Metro Pictures, NYC, NY.
1986 The Crescent Gallery, Dallas, Texas.
1986 Postmasters Gallery, NYC, NY.
1986 “Spectrum: In Other Words”, The Corcoran Gallery of Art, Washington, DC.
1986 “Maelstrom”, Emily Lowe Gallery, Hofstra University, Hempstead, New York.
1986 “Painting and Sculpture Today: 1986”, Indianapolis Museum of Art, Indianapolis, Indiana.
1986 “An American Renaissance: Painting and Sculpture from 1940 to the Present”, Museum of Art, Fort Lauderdale, Florida.
1986 “Dissent: The Issue of Modern Art in Boston”, Institute of Contemporary Art, Boston, Massachusetts.
1986 “Surrealismo: La Dolce Vita 80’s”, Barbara Braathen Gallery, NYC, NY.
1986 “Ein Anderes Klima: Kunsterinnen gebrauchen neue Medien”, Kunsthalle Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, West Germany.
1986 “Paravision”, Margo Leavin Gallery, Los Angeles, California.
1986 “Products and Promotion”, San Francisco Camerawork, San Francisco, California.
1985 “1985 Biennial Exhibition”, Whitney Museum of American Art, NYC, NY.
1985 “New York, New Art”, ARCA, Marseille, France.
1985 “Ecrans politiques”, Musee d’Art Contemporain, Montreal, Canada.
1985 “Kunst mit Eigen-Sinn”, Museum fur Moderne Kunst, Vienna, Austria.
1985 “Secular Attitudes”, Los Angeles Institute of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles, California.
1985 “Subjects and Subject Matter”, London Regional Art Gallery, London, Ontario, Canada.
1985 “New York: Ailleurs et Autrement”, ARC, Musee d’Art Moderne, Paris, France.
1985 “New Editions by Peter Blum”, Lorence/Monk Gallery, NYC, NY.
1985 “New Art”, Modernism Gallery, San Francisco, California.
1985 Monika Spruth Galerie, Koln, West Germany.
1985 Center for Contemporary Art, Seattle, Washington.
1985 “Talking Back to the Media”, Multi Media Project, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
1985 “June Group Show”, Nature Morte Gallery, NYC, NY.
1985 Installation, AREA Nightclub, NYC, NY.
1985 Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Los Angeles, California.
1985 Wadsworth Atheneum, Hartford, Connecticut.
1985 Contemporary Arts Museum, Houston, Texas.
1984 Kunsthalle Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
1984 Kajima Gallery, Montreal, Canada.
1984 Nouveau Musee, Lyon, France.
1984 Watershed Gallery, Bristol, England.
1984 Rhona Hoffman Gallery, Chicago, Illinois.
1984 Crousel/Hussenot Galerie, Paris, France.
1984 Annina Nosei Gallery, NYC, NY.
1984 “Content: A Contemporary Focus”, Hirshhorn Museum, Washington, DC.
1984 “Group Show”, Institute of Contemporary Art, Boston, Massachusetts.
1984 “Private Symbol/Social Metaphor”, Biennial of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
1984 “Sexuality and Representation”, Institute of Contemporary Art, London, England.
1984 “Photography Used in Contemporary Art”, National Museum of Modern Art, Kyoto, Japan.
1984 “El Arte Narrativo”, Museo Rufino Tamayo, Mexico City, Mexico.
1984 “Ansatzpunkte kritischer Kunst heute”, Berlin, West Germany.
1984 “Written Imagery Unleashed in the Twentieth Century”, Fine Arts Museum of Long Island, Hempstead, New York.
1984 “Holzer/Kruger Prints”, Spirit Square Art Gallery, Charlotte, North Carolina.
1984 “Contemporary Perspectives 1984”, Bucknell University Art Gallery, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania.
1984 “The Axis of Sexuality”, The Banff Art Center, Alberta, Canada.
1984 “The Difference: On Representation and Sexuality”, The New Museum, NYC, NY.
1984 “The Difference: On Representation and Sexuality”, Institute of Contemporary Art, London, England.
1983 “Contemporary Photographers”, Cranbrook Academy of Art, Bloomfield Hills, Michigan.
1983 “The Revolutionary Power of Women’s Laughter”, Protech/Mc Neil Gallery, NYC, NY.
1983 “Starting Points of Young Critical Artists”, Kunstverein, Bonn, Germany.
1983 “Artist-Critic”, White Columns, NYC, NY.
1983 “Currents”, Institute of Contemporary Art, Boston, Massachusetts.
1983 “Group Show”, Young/Hoffman Gallery, Chicago, Illinois.
1983 American Graffiti Gallery, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
1983 Mary Boone Gallery, NYC, NY.
1983 “Contra Media”, Alternative Museum, NYC, NY.
1983 “Fashion Fictions”, White Columns, NYC, NY.
1983 “1983 Biennial Exhibition”, Whitney Museum of American Art, NYC, NY.
1983 “Critical Content: Contemporary Perspectives”, Long Beach Museum of Art, Long Beach, California.
1983 “Art and Social Change, U.S.A.”, Allen Memorial Art Museum, Oberlin College, Oberlin, Ohio.
1983 Times Square Spectochrome Sign, NYC, NY.
1983 Institute of Contemporary Art, London, England.
1983 Larry Gagosian Gallery, Los Angeles, California.
1983 Annina Nosei Gallery, NYC, NY.
1982 Larry Gagosian Gallery, Los Angeles, California
1982 CEPA/Hallwalls Gallery, Buffalo, New York.
1982 “Documenta 7”, Museum Fridericianum, Kassel, West Germany.
1982 “La Biennale di Venezia”, Venice, Italy.
1982 “Image Scavengers”, Institute of Contemporary Art, Boston, Massachusetts.
1982 “Photographs In”, Daniel Wolff Gallery, NYC, NY.
1982 “Frames of Reference”, Whitney Museum of American Art, NYC, NY.
1982 “The American Exhibition”, Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
1982 “Art and Media”, Renaissance Society, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
1982 “Public Vision”, White Columns, NYC, NY.
1982 “The Atomic Salon”, Ronald Feldman Gallery, NYC, NY.
1981 “Nineteen Emerging Artists”, Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, NYC, NY.
1981 “Gender”, Group Material Gallery, NYC, NY.
1981 “Pictures and Promises”, The Kitchen, NYC, NY.
1981 “Love is Blind”, Castelli Photography Gallery, NYC, NY.
1981 “Inespressionismo Americano”, Genoa, Italy.
1981 “Biennial Photography”, Vienna, Austria.
1981 “Public Address”, Annina Nosei Gallery, NYC, NY.
1980 “Four Different Photographers”, Padiglione di Arte Contemporanea, Milan, Italy.
1979 “Imitation of Life”, University of Hartford, Hartford, Connecticut.
1979 Franklin Furnace Archive, NYC, NY.
1979 Printed Matter, NYC, NY.
1976 John Doyle Gallery, Chicago, Illinois.
1973 “1973 Biennial Exhibition”, Whitney Museum of American Art, NYC, NY.

年鑒

Barbara Kruger 1945 Born in Newark, New Jersey 1965 Education: Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 1966 Parsons School of Design, New York, NY Lives in New York City and Los Angeles, California Selected Exhibitions 2008 Southern Exposure, Museum of Contemporary Art Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007 Dangerous Beauty, CAM - Chelsea Art Museum, New York City, NY 2006 Women Only! In Their Studios, Polk Museum of Art, Lakeland, FL 2005 The Fluidity of Time - Selections from the MCA Collection, Museum of Contemporary Art Chicago, MCA Chicago, Chicago, IL 2004 “ipermercati dell’arte”/”Ill consumo rappresentato”, Palazzo Pubblico, Magazini del Sale. 2003 ‘Help’ Barbara Kruger, Sprueth Magers Lee, London 2003 Kunst-Station St. Peter, K?ln. 2003 Sprüth/Magers/Lee, London 2003 Skarstedt Fine Art, New York 2002 Palazzo delle Papesse, Siena, Italy. 2002 Monika Sprüth / Philomene Magers, K?ln. 2002 “Shopping”, Schirn Kunsthalle Frankfurt / Main, Germany. 2002 Monika Sprüth / Philomene Magers, München. 2001 “The Overexcited Body”, SESC, S?o Paulo, Brazil. 2001 South London Gallery, London, England. 2000 Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles, California. 2000 “Inner Eye: Contemporary Art from the Marc and Livia Straus Collection”, Neuberger Museum of Art, Purchase, New York. 2000 “Sentimental”, Galerie Yvon Lambert, Paris, France. 2000 “Around 1984: A Look at Art in the Eighties”, P.S. 1 Contemporary Art Center, Long Island City, New York. 2000 “Lux et Tenebrae: Peter Blum Edition”, Peter Blum/Blumarts, Inc., NYC, NY. 2000 “Picturing Women”, Steven Scott Gallery, Baltimore, Maryland. 2000 “S.O.S.: Scenes of Sounds”, The Tang Teaching Museum and Art Gallery, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, New York. 1999 “Inner Eye: Contemporary Art from the Marc and Livia Straus Collection”, Knoxville Museum of Art, Knoxville, Tennessee 1999 “Inner Eye: Contemporary Art from the Marc and Livia Straus Collection”, Georgia Museum of Art, Athens, Georgia. 1999 “Inner Eye: Contemporary Art from the Marc and Livia Straus Collection”, The Chrysler Museum of Art, Norfolk, Virginia. 1999 “Art at the End of the Century: Contemporary Art from the Milwaukee Art Museum”, Birmingham Museum of Art, Birmingham, Alabama. 1999 “Veronica’s Revenge: Photographies de la collection LAC-Suisse”, Casino Luxembourg and Musee national d’histoire et d’art, Luxembourg. 1999 “Assumed Identity”, Fine Arts Gallery, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina. 1999 “Altered States”, Charles Cowles Gallery, NYC, NY. 1999 “The American Century: Art and Culture 1950-2000”, Whitney Museum of American Art, NYC, NY. 1999 Galerie Yvon Lambert, Paris, France. 1998 Parrish Art Museum, Southampton, New York. 1998 “Read My Lips: Jenny Holzer, Barbara Kruger, Cindy Sherman”, National Gallery of Australia, Canberra, Australia. 1998 “Inner Eye: Contemporary Art from the Marc and Livia Straus Collection”, Samuel P. Harn Museum of Art, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida. 1998 “Art and the American Experience”, Kalamazoo Institute of Arts, Kalamazoo, Michigan. 1998 “Fast Forward Trade Marks”, Kunstverein Hamburg. 1997 “The Mediated Object: Selections from the Eli Broad Collections”, Forum for Contemporary Art, Saint Louis, Missouri. 1997 “It’s Only Rock and Roll: Rock and Roll Currents in Contemporary Art”, Phoenix Art Museum, Phoenix, Arizona. 1997 “Word to Word”, Linda Kirkland Gallery, NYC, NY. 1997 Mary Boone Gallery, NYC, NY. 1997 18 Wooster Street/Deitch Projects, NYC, NY. 1996 Museum of Modern Art at Heide, Melbourne, Australia. 1996 “Nudo & Crudo”, Claudia Gian Ferrari Arte Contemporanea, Milan, Italy. 1996 “NowHere/Incandescent”, Louisiana Museum of Modern Art, Humlebaek, Denmark. 1996 “Sexual Politics: Judy Chicago’s ‘Dinner Party’ in Feminist Art History”, Armand Hammer Museum of Art and Cultural Center, Los Angeles, California. 1996 “Thinking Print: Books to Billboards, 1980-95”, The Museum of Modern Art, NYC, NY. 1996 “Is It Art?”, Katonah Museum of Art, Katonah, New York. 1996 “The Mediated Object: Selections from the Eli Broad Q Collections”, Fogg Art Museum, Harvard University, Cambridge, 1995 “An American Century of Photography: From Dry-Point to Digital”, Mead Art Museum, Amherst, Massachusetts. 1995 “An American Century of Photography: From Dry-Point to Digital”, Auckland City Art Gallery, Auckland, New Zealand. 1995 “An American Century of Photography: From Dry-Point to Digital”, Art Gallery of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia. 1995 “An American Century of Photography: From Dry-Point to Digital”, National Gallery of Victoria, Melbourne, Australia. 1995 “An American Century of Photography: From Dry-Point to Digital”, Museum of Photographic Arts, San Diego, California. 1995 “Civil Rights Now”, Southeastern Center for Contemporary Art, Winston-Salem, North Carolina. 1995 “Civil Rights Now”, Cleveland Center for Contemporary Art, Cleveland, Ohio. 1995 “In a Different Light”, University Art Museum, University of California, Berkeley, California. 1995 “Paste-Up: Past & Present”, Kent Gallery, NYC, NY. 1995 “Passions Privees”, Musee d’Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris, Paris, France. 1994 “Wall to Wall”, Serpentine Gallery, London, England. 1994 “World Morality”, Kunsthalle Basel, Basel, Switzerland. 1994 “Imprimatur”, Saidye Bronfman Centre for the Arts, Montreal, Canada. 1994 Mary Boone Gallery, NYC, NY. 1994 “Public Interventions”, Institute of Contemporary Art, Boston, Massachusetts. 1994 “Inaugural Group Show”, Off Shore Gallery, East Hampton, New York. 1994 “New York ‘Unplugged’”, Gallery Cotthem, Knokke-Zoute, Belgium. 1994 “Desire”, Charles Cowles Gallery, NYC, NY. 1994 “Gewalte - Geschaefte”, Neue Gesellschaft fur Bildende Kunst, Berlin, Germany. 1994 “An American Century of Photography: From Dry-Point to Digital”, Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, Kansas City, Missouri. 1993 “Dissent, Difference and the Body Politic”, Otis Parsons School of Art and Design, Los Angeles, California. 1993 “Photoplay”, Center for the Fine Arts, Miami, Florida. 1993 “The Mediated Image: American Photography in the Age of Information”, University Art Museum, Albuquerque, New Mexico. 1993 “Biennale d’Art Contemporain”, Lyon, France. 1993 “Inside Out”, Centro per l’Arte Contemporanea Luigi Pecci, Prato, Italy. 1993 “Commodity Image”, International Center of Photography Midtown, NYC, NY. 1993 “Image Makers”, Nassau County Museum of Art, Roslyn Harbor, New York. 1993 “Die Sprache der Kunst - The Language of Art”, Kunsthalle Wien, Vienna, Austria. 1993 “Ciphers of Identity”, Fine Arts Gallery, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland. 1992 Magasin, Centre National d’Art Contemporain, Grenoble, France. 1992 “Power: Its Myths and Mores in American Art, 1961-1991”, Akron Art Museum, Akron, Ohio. 1992 “Power: Its Myths and Mores in American Art, 1961-1991”, Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, Richmond, Virginia. 1992 “Devil on the Stairs: Looking Back on the Eighties”, Newport Harbor Art Museum, Newport Beach, California. 1992 “Ars Pro Domo”, Museum Ludwig, Koln, Germany. 1992 “Chaos to Order”, Art Museum of Southeast Texas, Beaumont, Texas. 1992 “15th Anniversary Exhibition”, Rhona Hoffman Gallery, Chicago, Illinois. 1992 “The Power of the City/The City of Power”, Whitney Museum of American Art Downtown at Federal Reserve Plaza, NYC, NY. 1992 “More Than One Photography: Works Since 1980 From the Collection”, The Museum of Modern Art, NYC, NY. 1992 “Dissent, Difference and the Body Politic”, Portland Art Museum, Portland, Oregon. 1991 “Beyond the Frame: American Art, 1960-1990”, Setagaya Art Museum, Tokyo, Japan. 1991 “Beyond the Frame: American Art, 1960-1990”, National Museum of Art, Osaka, Japan. 1991 “Beyond the Frame: American Art, 1960-1990”, Fukuoka Art Museum, Fukuoka, Japan. 1991 “Words and #s”, Museum of Contemporary Art, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio. 1991 “Buchstablich: Bild und Wort in der Kunst Heute”, Von-der-Heydt-Museum, Wuppertal-Elberfeld, Germany. 1991 “Media Culture”, Studio Oggetto, Milan, Italy. 1991 “Compassion and Protest”, San Jose Museum of Art, San Jose, California. 1991 “The Art of Advocacy”, The Aldrich Museum of Contemporary Art, Ridgefield, Connecticut. 1991 “Aussenraum-Innenstadt”, Sprengel Museum Hannover, Hannover, Germany. 1991 “Transpositions”, University of South Florida Art Museum, Tampa, Florida. 1991 “Objects for the Ideal Home”, Serpentine Gallery, London, England 1991 “Devil on the Stairs: Looking Back on the Eighties”, Institute of Contemporary Art, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 1991 “Anni 80: Artisti a New York”, Palazzo delle Albere, Museo Provinciale d’Arte Sezione Contemporanea, Trento, Italy. 1991 “Power: Its Myths and Mores in American Art, 1961-1991”, Indianapolis Museum of Art, Indianapolis, Indiana. 1991 “False Face”, N.A.M.E. Gallery, Chicago, Illinois. 1990 “California Annual”, San Francisco Art Institute, San Francisco, California. 1990 Duke University Museum of Art, Durham, North Carolina. 1990 Monika Spruth Galerie, Koln, West Germany. 1990 Rhona Hoffman Gallery, Chicago, Illinois. 1990 Kolnischer Kunstverein, Koln, Germany. 1990 “The Decade Show”, Museum of Contemporary Hispanic Art/The New Museum of Contemporary Art/The Studio Museum in Harlem, NYC, NY. 1990 “The Indomitable Spirit”, The International Center of Photography Midtown, NYC, NY. 1990 “Opening Exhibition, 20th Century Pavilion”, The Israel Museum, Jerusalem, Israel. 1990 “The Last Decade: American Artists of the 80’s”, Tony Shafrazi Gallery, NYC, NY. 1990 “Art et Publicite”, Musee National d’Art Moderne, Centre Georges Pompidou, Paris, France. 1990 “The Charade of Mastery”, Whitney Museum of American Art Downtown at Federal Reserve Plaza, NYC, NY. 1990 “Words as Symbols”, The Aldrich Museum of Contemporary Art, Ridgefield, Connecticut. 1989 Mary Boone Gallery, NYC, NY. 1989 Galerie Bebert, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. 1989 Fred Hoffman Gallery, Santa Monica, California. 1989 John Doyle Gallery, Chicago, Illinois. 1989 “Making Their Mark: Women Artists Move Into the Mainstream, 1970-85”, Cincinnati Art Museum, Cincinnati, Ohio. 1989 “Making Their Mark: Women Artists Move Into the Mainstream, 1970-85”, New Orleans Museum of Art, New Orleans, Louisiana. 1989 “Prospect 89”, Frankfurt Kunstverein and Schirn Kunsthalle, Frankfurt, Germany. 1989 “Bilderstreit”, Rheinhalle, Koln, West Germany. 1989 “A Forest of Signs: Art in the Crisis of Representation”, The Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles, California. 1989 “Magiciens de la Terre”, Centre Georges Pompidou, Paris, France. 1989 “Viennese divan: Sigmund Freud nowadays”, Museum of the 20th Century, Vienna, Austria. 1989 “Making Their Mark: Women Artists Move Into the Mainstream, 1970-85”, Denver Art Museum, Denver, Colorado. 1989 “Making Their Mark: Women Artists Move Into the Mainstream, 1970-85”, Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 1989 “The Desire of the Museum”, Whitney Museum of American Art Downtown at Federal Reserve Plaza, NYC, NY. 1989 “Image World: Art and Media Culture”, Whitney Museum of American Art, NYC, NY. 1989 Castello di Rivoli, Turin, Italy. 1988 “Biennial of Sydney”, Sydney, Australia. 1988 “Modes of Address: Language in Art Since 1960”, Whitney Museum of American Art Downtown at Federal Reserve Plaza, NYC, NY. 1988 Fischbach Gallery, NYC, NY. 1987 Artists Space, NYC, NY. 1987 P.S. 1, Long Island City, New York. 1987 Mary Boone Gallery, NYC, NY. 1987 Crousel/Hussenot Galerie, Paris, France. 1987 Monika Spruth Galerie, Koln, West Germany. 1987 National Art Gallery, Wellington, New Zealand. 1987 “1987 Biennial Exhibition”, Whitney Museum of American Art, NYC, NY. 1987 “L’epoque, la mode, la morale, la passion”, Centre Georges Pompidou, Paris, France. 1987 “El Arte y Su Doble”, Fundacion Caja de Pensiones, Madrid, Spain. 1987 “Documenta 8”, Museum Fridericianum, Kassel, West Germany. 1987 Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Los Angeles, California. 1987 Moderna Museet, Stockholm, Sweden. 1987 “Emerging Artists 1978-1986: Selections from the Exxon Series”, Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, NYC, NY. 1986 “New Acquisitions from New York”, Memphis Brooks Museum, Memphis, Tennessee. 1986 “Barbara Kruger and Jenny Holzer”, The Israel Museum, Jerusalem, Israel. 1986 “Rooted Rhetoric”, Lia Rumma Gallery, Naples, Italy. 1986 “American Myths”, Kent Fine Art, NYC, NY. 1986 “El Arte y Su Doble”, Centro Cultural de la Fundacio Caixa de Pensions, Barcelona, Spain. 1986 Annina Nosei Gallery, NYC, NY. 1986 Rhona Hoffman Gallery, Chicago, Illinois. 1986 University Art Museum, University of California, Berkeley, California. 1986 Hillman/Holland Gallery, Atlanta, Georgia. 1986 Krannert Art Museum, University of Illinois, Champaign, Illinois. 1986 “The Real Big Picture”, Queens Museum, Queens, New York. 1986 “Admired Works”, John Weber Gallery, NYC, NY. 1986 Light Gallery, NYC, NY. 1986 Kunsthalle Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, West Germany. 1986 Metro Pictures, NYC, NY. 1986 The Crescent Gallery, Dallas, Texas. 1986 Postmasters Gallery, NYC, NY. 1986 “Spectrum: In Other Words”, The Corcoran Gallery of Art, Washington, DC. 1986 “Maelstrom”, Emily Lowe Gallery, Hofstra University, Hempstead, New York. 1986 “Painting and Sculpture Today: 1986”, Indianapolis Museum of Art, Indianapolis, Indiana. 1986 “An American Renaissance: Painting and Sculpture from 1940 to the Present”, Museum of Art, Fort Lauderdale, Florida. 1986 “Dissent: The Issue of Modern Art in Boston”, Institute of Contemporary Art, Boston, Massachusetts. 1986 “Surrealismo: La Dolce Vita 80’s”, Barbara Braathen Gallery, NYC, NY. 1986 “Ein Anderes Klima: Kunsterinnen gebrauchen neue Medien”, Kunsthalle Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, West Germany. 1986 “Paravision”, Margo Leavin Gallery, Los Angeles, California. 1986 “Products and Promotion”, San Francisco Camerawork, San Francisco, California. 1985 “1985 Biennial Exhibition”, Whitney Museum of American Art, NYC, NY. 1985 “New York, New Art”, ARCA, Marseille, France. 1985 “Ecrans politiques”, Musee d’Art Contemporain, Montreal, Canada. 1985 “Kunst mit Eigen-Sinn”, Museum fur Moderne Kunst, Vienna, Austria. 1985 “Secular Attitudes”, Los Angeles Institute of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles, California. 1985 “Subjects and Subject Matter”, London Regional Art Gallery, London, Ontario, Canada. 1985 “New York: Ailleurs et Autrement”, ARC, Musee d’Art Moderne, Paris, France. 1985 “New Editions by Peter Blum”, Lorence/Monk Gallery, NYC, NY. 1985 “New Art”, Modernism Gallery, San Francisco, California. 1985 Monika Spruth Galerie, Koln, West Germany. 1985 Center for Contemporary Art, Seattle, Washington. 1985 “Talking Back to the Media”, Multi Media Project, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. 1985 “June Group Show”, Nature Morte Gallery, NYC, NY. 1985 Installation, AREA Nightclub, NYC, NY. 1985 Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Los Angeles, California. 1985 Wadsworth Atheneum, Hartford, Connecticut. 1985 Contemporary Arts Museum, Houston, Texas. 1984 Kunsthalle Basel, Basel, Switzerland. 1984 Kajima Gallery, Montreal, Canada. 1984 Nouveau Musee, Lyon, France. 1984 Watershed Gallery, Bristol, England. 1984 Rhona Hoffman Gallery, Chicago, Illinois. 1984 Crousel/Hussenot Galerie, Paris, France. 1984 Annina Nosei Gallery, NYC, NY. 1984 “Content: A Contemporary Focus”, Hirshhorn Museum, Washington, DC. 1984 “Group Show”, Institute of Contemporary Art, Boston, Massachusetts. 1984 “Private Symbol/Social Metaphor”, Biennial of Sydney, Sydney, Australia. 1984 “Sexuality and Representation”, Institute of Contemporary Art, London, England. 1984 “Photography Used in Contemporary Art”, National Museum of Modern Art, Kyoto, Japan. 1984 “El Arte Narrativo”, Museo Rufino Tamayo, Mexico City, Mexico. 1984 “Ansatzpunkte kritischer Kunst heute”, Berlin, West Germany. 1984 “Written Imagery Unleashed in the Twentieth Century”, Fine Arts Museum of Long Island, Hempstead, New York. 1984 “Holzer/Kruger Prints”, Spirit Square Art Gallery, Charlotte, North Carolina. 1984 “Contemporary Perspectives 1984”, Bucknell University Art Gallery, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania. 1984 “The Axis of Sexuality”, The Banff Art Center, Alberta, Canada. 1984 “The Difference: On Representation and Sexuality”, The New Museum, NYC, NY. 1984 “The Difference: On Representation and Sexuality”, Institute of Contemporary Art, London, England. 1983 “Contemporary Photographers”, Cranbrook Academy of Art, Bloomfield Hills, Michigan. 1983 “The Revolutionary Power of Women’s Laughter”, Protech/Mc Neil Gallery, NYC, NY. 1983 “Starting Points of Young Critical Artists”, Kunstverein, Bonn, Germany. 1983 “Artist-Critic”, White Columns, NYC, NY. 1983 “Currents”, Institute of Contemporary Art, Boston, Massachusetts. 1983 “Group Show”, Young/Hoffman Gallery, Chicago, Illinois. 1983 American Graffiti Gallery, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. 1983 Mary Boone Gallery, NYC, NY. 1983 “Contra Media”, Alternative Museum, NYC, NY. 1983 “Fashion Fictions”, White Columns, NYC, NY. 1983 “1983 Biennial Exhibition”, Whitney Museum of American Art, NYC, NY. 1983 “Critical Content: Contemporary Perspectives”, Long Beach Museum of Art, Long Beach, California. 1983 “Art and Social Change, U.S.A.”, Allen Memorial Art Museum, Oberlin College, Oberlin, Ohio. 1983 Times Square Spectochrome Sign, NYC, NY. 1983 Institute of Contemporary Art, London, England. 1983 Larry Gagosian Gallery, Los Angeles, California. 1983 Annina Nosei Gallery, NYC, NY. 1982 Larry Gagosian Gallery, Los Angeles, California 1982 CEPA/Hallwalls Gallery, Buffalo, New York. 1982 “Documenta 7”, Museum Fridericianum, Kassel, West Germany. 1982 “La Biennale di Venezia”, Venice, Italy. 1982 “Image Scavengers”, Institute of Contemporary Art, Boston, Massachusetts. 1982 “Photographs In”, Daniel Wolff Gallery, NYC, NY. 1982 “Frames of Reference”, Whitney Museum of American Art, NYC, NY. 1982 “The American Exhibition”, Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois. 1982 “Art and Media”, Renaissance Society, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois. 1982 “Public Vision”, White Columns, NYC, NY. 1982 “The Atomic Salon”, Ronald Feldman Gallery, NYC, NY. 1981 “Nineteen Emerging Artists”, Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, NYC, NY. 1981 “Gender”, Group Material Gallery, NYC, NY. 1981 “Pictures and Promises”, The Kitchen, NYC, NY. 1981 “Love is Blind”, Castelli Photography Gallery, NYC, NY. 1981 “Inespressionismo Americano”, Genoa, Italy. 1981 “Biennial Photography”, Vienna, Austria. 1981 “Public Address”, Annina Nosei Gallery, NYC, NY. 1980 “Four Different Photographers”, Padiglione di Arte Contemporanea, Milan, Italy. 1979 “Imitation of Life”, University of Hartford, Hartford, Connecticut. 1979 Franklin Furnace Archive, NYC, NY. 1979 Printed Matter, NYC, NY. 1976 John Doyle Gallery, Chicago, Illinois. 1973 “1973 Biennial Exhibition”, Whitney Museum of American Art, NYC, NY.